Caracterização e diversidade genética de frutos de cajuzinho-do-cerrado

Abstract

Aiming to characterize and evaluate the genetic diversity of cajuzinho-do-cerrado, in the 2016 harvest, three studies were conducted based on flowering characteristics and physical and chemical characteristics of cashew nuts and cashew apples. The works were conducted in the "ex situ" biological collection of Anacardium humile A. St.-Hil. and in the laboratory of genetics and molecular biology, both at the Universidade Federal de Goiás – Regional Jataí. For the first study, flowering characteristics of the accessions of the collection were evaluated. The results were submitted to the descriptive and multivariate analysis of the genetic diversity. For the second and third study, physical and chemical characteristics of cashew apples and cashew nuts (from 5 to 15 per access) were evaluated. In the second, the results were submitted to the descriptive analysis for each access and Pearson correlation among the variables measured. In the third, besides the descriptive analysis for the variables, the results were submitted to the multivariate analysis. Diversity was observed with bases on the attributes of flowering and fruiting, where the UPGMA dendrogram and Tocher method were efficient to demonstrate this diversity. The accessions from Serranópolis presented high values of number of flowers and percentage of flowering acess. Access 1 presented higher values for cashew nut size and higher access and vitamin C content of cashew apple, with vitamin C being significantly correlated with epidermal and pulp tonality, soluble solids content and cashew nut length.