Análise empírica da fragilidade ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Bonito - GO

Abstract

The study was carried out in the Rio Bonito Hydrographic Basin, which covers an area of 2017 km², located in the southwest of the State of Goiás, between the municipalities of Arenópolis, Caiapônia and Palestina de Goiás. Initially, a physiographic analysis of the basin was carried out, supported by field activities, analyzing themes such as geology, soil, relief and precipitation, in addition to the temporal dynamics of land use and occupation. Based on this analysis, this study aimed to analyze the environmental fragility of the Bonito River Basin basin, according to the methodology proposed by Ross (1994) in order to understand the dynamics of the hydrographic basin in relation to its physical and physical aspects. anthropic occupation, in addition to demonstrating the importance of using geotechnologies in planning and management studies of a hydrographic basin. Cartographic databases from agencies such as IBGE, CPRM, EMBRAPA, among others, obtained from the State Geoinformation System of Goiás (SIEG), Landsat satellite images (5 and 8) from 1989 and 2019, SRTM images for mapping and relief analysis, and data collected in the field to apply the methodology of Empirical Analysis of Environmental Fragility (ROSS, 1994) and validate the mapping. The results showed that the basin has an area of 1,231 km² (61%) with high potential fragility and 1,091 km² with high emerging fragility (54%), indicating that the presence of reliefs with strong dissection associated with neosoil areas and agricultural practices indicate for the need to develop conservation practices in the basin. Furthermore, the loss of 344 km² of native vegetation (17% of the basin area) was identified between 1989 and 2019.