O clima urbano como indicador de qualidade ambiental em Jataí (GO) - Brasil

Abstract

With the growth of urbanization, the climate has become one of the most important topics in studies for society, for man it is essential to assess its impacts and, based on the assessments, draw strategies that seek to minimize the negative effects related to the quality of life. Therefore, the urban thermal field deserves a highlight, because the human beings live in it and have their relationships between society and nature. Also, the objective of the study was to analyze the urban thermal field in the city of Jataí (GO) observing environmental climatic quality. For this, 9 (nine) points of collection was been distributed in the urban grid, strategically located to collect data on the the most diverse physiognomies found in the city. For data collection, dataloges HT-4000 and HT-500 thermohygrometers were used, configured to record every 30 minutes. The data were tabulated in electronic spreadsheets, allowing a better handling in order to demonstrate the reality of each location regarding the atmospheric conditions acting at the time. Air temperature variability was performed, as well as the frequency of occurrence in the seasons of the year: spring 2018, summer 2018/2019, autumn 2019 and winter 2019. For the environmental analysis the thermal comfort of the different collection points was verified. In addition, an aerophotogrammetric drone survey was used to map land in order to verify the usage pattern at the collection points, as well as the sky view factor (FVC) or sky view factor (SVF) for the assessment of obstruction and solar radiation at points during the seasons. To reinforce the analysis of the urban thermal field and the formation of heat islands in the city of Jataí, thermal images were used in episodes during the seasons. In this way, the data collected at the locus were correlated with the land use pattern in a 200 meter radius and the thermal image. The climatic results showed that in the city of Jataí (GO) there is a tendency for an increase in air temperature. It was noticed that at some points there was discomfort in relation to the heat, especially at 3 pm, while discomfort due to the cold occurred at 9 pm and the comfort zone occurred predominantly at 9 pm, when the surface was cooled slowly , keeping the temperature within the comfort zone. Thermal mapping showed that there are small islands of heat and coolness in the urban area, with cool areas being associated with vegetation while heat islands are related to a high scale of construction and lack of afforestation. For the climatic units, it was found that there was a direct influence in relation to relief, exposure and construction pattern. The study showed that it is necessary to look at environmental issues in the city, including urban planning, since the study of the city climate can minimize the negative effects provided by the way the land is used.