Germinação e caracterização física e morfológica de frutos e sementes de Syagrus oleracea Becc

Abstract

This study was aimed at characterizing the fruit and at observing if its size affects the germination and early development of seedlings of Syagrus oleracea Becc. (Arecaceae), Mineiros and Jataí (GO), measured and separated into five size classes ((T1: fruit≤4,300cm; T2: 4,300cm>fruit≤4,833cm; T3: 4,833cm>fruit≤5,367cm; T4: 5,367cm>fruit ≤5,900cm e T5: fruit>5,900cm).After the fruit collection, the physical analysis of the fruits, the seeds, the embryo and endosperm was made, on different days after sowing (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 110, 120 and 130 days after sowing). The emergence analysis and of initial development was made individually every 10 days, six evaluations performed. After stabilization of the emergency, all the seedlings were analyzed every 10 days, a total of 16 ratings. In both, in each seedling, the length of insertion to the apex of the leaf and stem diameter at ground level were measured; calculating the speed of emergence index (EVI), emergence percentage (E%) and time spent to emerge half of the fruits (T50). In germination chambers BOD types, trials were carried out with green and ripe fruits and the influence of different wavelengths of visible light in the germination process was verified. In these trials the germination speed index (GSI), germination (%G) and time spent to germinate half of the fruits (T50) were calculated. The descriptive analysis was also performed for the variables related to the size of the fruits and diaspores, followed by analysis of variance and regression equations when necessary for the characteristics evaluated. The fruits measure between 3,61 and 6,98 cm. The greater the thickness of the functional pore, the higher the germination capacity and GVI. The initial seedling development was uniform within 60 days after the stabilization of the emergence for all sizes of fruits; however, the fruit shorter than 5,367 cm higher has better performance between 60 and 150 days after the stabilization of the emergence. In nursery conditions, the higher the fruit, the greater the IVE. In the nursery, higher %E were found in fruits higher than 5.90% cm and lower %E in fruits shorter than 4,30 cm. In the laboratory, higher %G were found in fruits with length between 4,834 and 5,367 cm and lower % G between 5,368 and 5,90 cm. Ripe fruits have a higher germination capacity when compared to green fruits. Guariroba is a neutral species, for it is independent on the influence of light for the germination to occur.